Dental Injuries: What to Do
by Monica J. Lakatos, D.D.S., Northshore Dental Associates
With fall sports practices already under way, it is important to know what to do in the event of a dental injury.
Dental injuries fall into several categories with different treatment for each. Teeth can be cracked, broken, displaced or knocked out. Fractures can occur to the jaw bone itself in a hard hit or fall.
Cracked teeth are sometimes hard to diagnose. Teeth get cracks in them with time. If you look at teeth under very bright light, it would be evident that most adults have cracks in their teeth. Most cracks aren't particularly harmful, just a reflection of a previous trauma or stress. When teeth become painful, sensitive, or a dentist can see the potential for future problems, they must be treated. Treatment can involve fillings, root canals or crowns.
Some broken teeth can be repaired with bonding (a tooth colored filling material called composite). Severe breaks involving the pulp result in more serious treatment. If a break is severe, a dentist should be consulted immediately. The dentist will take a radiograph to assess the damage and see if the root or bone is fractured along with the tooth. Treatment will involve a root canal if the nerve is damaged and possibly a crown to restore the tooth.
If a tooth is displaced, i.e. pushed backward or forward, an attempt should be made to put the tooth in the right position immediately. This should be done by a dentist right away if possible. The dentist will probably take a radiograph to see if the root or bone is fractured. Sometimes temporary wires will be bonded to the teeth to splint them in the proper position.
If a tooth is totally knocked out (avulsed), an attempt should be made to put it back into the socket immediately. Do NOT clean the tooth of the attached gum tissue. If it is dirty, just rinse with water. The attached tissue is instrumental in the tooth's ability to reattach itself to the bone. Call your dentist for further advice. If the tooth cannot be put back in, consult a dentist immediately. Keep the tooth in milk on the way to the dental office.
All of the above injuries require treatment by a dentist. If a jaw is fractured or thought to be, a trip to the emergency room is warranted. CAT scans are ordered to assess the damage to the head and/or jaws. If a fracture is present, an oral surgeon most likely will be called in to treat the patient.
The most important piece of equipment to prevent dental injuries is a mouth guard. Many contact sports require them to be worn. Mouth guards should be worn in any sport that could result in injury to the face, whether or not they are required. Basketball and soccer are two sports that result in many injuries to teeth, but are considered "non-contact" therefore no mouth guard is required. Wear a mouth guard, please - and hopefully you won't have any of the above problems!
Monica J. Lakatos, D.D.S., at Northshore Dental Associates, 1179 Whitehall Road in North Muskegon, can be reached at (231) 744-6100.